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Chair: Margaret
Carroll |
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Professors: |
William E. Barklow, Richard Beckwitt |
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Associate Professors: |
Margaret Carroll, M. Susan Crowson, |
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Walter Lambert, Eugene Muller, |
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Ben W. Snyder, Charlotte Zampini |
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Assistant Professors: |
Aline Davis, Michelle LaBonte, |
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Brandi Van Roo |
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Instructor: |
Robin Kolnicki |
General
Education Requirements
All
students must satisfy a general education requirement consisting of
eleven (11) courses outside of the major department (see page 60). The
General Education Goal 7 (Life Science) and laboratory requirement are
satisfied through the completion of the Biology major.
Course Prerequisites
Courses may have specified conditions for enrollment, such as prior
completion of less advanced courses, permission of the instructor, or
appropriate placement test scores. Students should refer to course
descriptions in the department listings for prerequisite requirements.
Biology majors may elect to take a broad spectrum of courses covering
the major areas of biology: cellular and molecular biology, organismal
biology, physiology, and ecology and evolutionary biology, possibly
combined with a minor according to the student’s interests. This
curriculum prepares students for the advanced Graduate Record
Examination in Biology, a prerequisite for admission to many graduate
programs in biology. In addition to entering graduate school, students
graduating with a bachelors of science in biology are employed as
laboratory technologists in academic and industrial settings, sales
representatives for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies,
scientific illustrators, and technical writers.
Students must take an additional six (6) biology electives (one of these
courses must focus on plants and one on animals):
One (1) course from Group A
One (1) course from Group B
One (1) from the following Group C courses:
*23.234 Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
*23.272 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
*23.333 Principles of Human Physiology
*Only one of these courses may be taken in order to receive Biology
credit.
One
(1) from the following Group D courses:
23.457
Quantitative Plant Ecology
Two
(2) additional courses from Group A-E
For
students who plan to attend graduate school, it is recommended that they
take 33.301 Biochemistry and 53.201 Introductory Physics, or elect a
more in-depth study of physics by taking 53.211 Principles of Physics I
and 53.212 Principles of Physics II. (Note: 43.219 Calculus I is a
pre-requisite for Principles of Physics I.)
WILDLIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY (BIW):
Requirements for the concentration in wildlife and environmental biology
include courses in wildlife biology or environmental science, both
animal and plant systems, ecology, and policy/communication. Upon
graduation, students will have completed the majority of curriculum
requirements for certification as a Wildlife Biologist by the Wildlife
Society. Graduates of this program are prepared for graduate studies or
careers as wildlife biologists, wildlife managers, conservation
biologists, environmental consultants, park rangers, and zookeepers.
Students must take seven (7) additional courses:
23.200
Introduction to Environmental Science
or
23.335
Principles of Wildlife Biology
23.234
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
23.251 Vascular Plant Taxonomy
23.457
Quantitative Plant Ecology
Must
choose one course from each of the following biology elective groups:
One (1) course from Group A
One (1) course from Group B
One (1) course from Group D Other courses that are not
required but would be useful for students in this concentration include
the following:
22.216
Introduction to Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
22.235
Environmental Law and Policy
22.375 Resource Management
53.201
Introductory Physics*
62.329
Public Policy Analysis
84.301
Water Resources Planning and Management
84.302 Coastal Issues: Science and Policy
*Required for Wildlife Certification by Wildlife Society
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(BIM)
Students may elect a curriculum that emphasizes cellular and molecular
biology. Courses covering microbiology, immunology, genetics,
Recombinant DNA Technology, and cell culture are appropriate for those
interested in research positions in the biotechnology industry, medical
centers, and government agencies. Graduates of the program are also
prepared for careers in diverse areas of the pharmaceutical industry
such as product development, sales and marketing, quality control, and
technical training.
Students must take an additional six (6) biology electives (One of these
six courses must focus on plants and one on animals):
Three (3) courses from Group A:
One (1) course from Group B
Two
(2) courses from Group C - which must include one of the following:
* 23.234 Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
* 23.272 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
* 23.333 Principles of Human Physiology
* Biology credit will be given to only one of these courses.
All
students in this concentration are advised to take 33.208 Organic
Chemistry II; those with a career goal in plant-oriented biotechnology
are advised to take 23.451 Plant Physiology. For students who plan to
attend graduate school, it is recommended that they take 33.301
Biochemistry, 53.201 Introductory Physics, or elect a more in-depth
study of physics by taking 53.211 Principles of Physics I and 53.212
Principles of Physics II. (Note: 43.219 Calculus I is a prerequisite for
53.211 Principles of Physics I.)
BIOLOGY SECONDARY EDUCATION TEACHING
PROGRAM (BIT)
Students
who plan to teach at the middle school or high school level will fulfill
the Commonwealth’s requirements for secondary education certification in
biology by completing a program similar to the general biology
concentration. Students must also complete the requirements for a
Secondary Education Minor.
Students
must take the following additional courses:
23.333
Principles of Human Physiology or both
23.272
Human Anatomy and Physiology I
and
23.273
Human Anatomy and Physiology II
One (1) of
the following courses relating to plants:
23.251 Vascular Plant Taxonomy
23.252
Biology of Non-Vascular Plants
23.307
Principles of Microbiology
23.348
Ecology
53.201 Introductory
Physics
Eight
(8) additional courses are also required for a Secondary Education Minor
(see Education section of the College catalog). It is
recommended that students take 73.231 Physical Geology.
Note:
Before registering for 14.315 Professional Preparation and Field Study
II - High School or 14.316 Professional Preparation and Field Study II -
Middle School, students must have completed ten (10) of the eleven (11)
Biology core requirements (all courses, except for 23.407
Methods in Biological Research II or 23.496 Internship in Biology) and
five (5) of the six (6) Biology Secondary Teaching Program requirements;
those remaining courses may be taken concurrently. Before enrolling in
14.410-11 Student Teaching Seminar and Practicum I-II - High School or
14.414-15 Student Teaching Practicum and Seminar I-II - Middle School,
students must have completed all courses in the major and 14.315 or
14.316.
PREPROFESSIONAL PROGRAM (BIP):
This
concentration is designed for Biology majors who plan to attend medical
school, dental school, veterinary school, or pursue a career in either
human or animal health. Though specific programs may have additional or
slightly varying requirements, these basic courses are required by the
majority of professional schools. Students are strongly advised to meet
the preprofessional advisor early in their coursework.
Students must take eight (8) courses, depending upon their interest in
either veterinary or human studies respectively:
One (1) course from Group A
Three
(3) courses from Group B and/or
Group
C, which must include:
23.234
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology (recommended for veterinary studies)
23.272
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
and
23.273
Human Anatomy & Physiology II (recommended for human studies)
The
following four (4) courses are also required:
33.208 Organic Chemistry II
43.219 Calculus I
53.211 Principles of Physics I
53.212 Principles of Physics II
THE MARINE STUDIES
CONSORTIUM
The
Biology Department has fostered an ongoing collaboration with the Marine
Studies Consortium. The Consortium is an association of colleges,
universities, museums, and marine research institutions in
Massachusetts; its mission is to educate students in the disciplines of
marine science and policy. A series of courses are offered on an annual
or rotating schedule. Classes and laboratories usually are held in the
evenings at facilities of member institutions (typically, Brandeis
University and The New England Aquarium, Boston). Saturday field trips
to local coastal sites are common. For more information about the
program and the courses offered visit the Consortium’s web site (http://www.brandeis.edu/marinestudies/schedulelocation.html).
The
collaboration with the Marine Studies Consortium allows students who
have interests in specific oceanographic topics to explore them through
courses not routinely offered by the College. Courses offered by the
Consortium that are available for credit at the College include: 23.210,
23.305, 23.316, 32.307, 84.300, 84.301, and 84.302. See the campus
representative (Dr. Richard Beckwitt, Biology Department) to learn more
about the program and the application procedure. Application to the
campus representative must be made one semester prior to participation
in the course. Additional course fees apply as posted in the most recent
master schedule of day division courses.
MINOR IN BIOLOGY (5
COURSES):
An
introductory biology laboratory course, a chemistry laboratory course
and a minimum of three (3) biology courses which must be 200-level and
above. A minimum of two (2) must have a laboratory. All courses must be
chosen under the guidance of a member of the Biology Department. If
college credit is received for either an examination or advanced
placement, the introductory course requirement shall be waived. At least
three (3) of the courses must be taken on the Framingham State College
campus.
MINOR IN NEUROSCIENCE (5
COURSES) (SEE PAGE 55)
BIOLOGY COURSES APPROPRIATE FOR
GENERAL EDUCATION (GEN. ED.)
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Courses
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Goal
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23.101 |
Biological Concepts |
7,
Lab |
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23.103 |
Ecological Implications of Conservation |
7
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23.112 |
Biology of Marine Organisms |
7
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23.114 |
A
Human Perspective on Genetics |
7
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23.142 |
Introduction to Human Biology |
7,
Lab |
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23.200 |
Intro. to Environmental Science |
7
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23.203 |
Plants and Society |
7
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COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
23.101 Biological
Concepts (Gen. Ed. Goal 7, Lab)
An
approach to the study of biology that emphasizes conceptual
understanding of biological systems. These areas include evolution and
the origin of life, cellular processes, Mendelian and molecular
genetics, ecology, behavioral science, and basic physiological systems.
The interrelationship of these areas and their effect on human biology
are stressed. Laboratory. This
course is not open to Biology majors.
Prerequisite: 43.095 General Mathematics or a satisfactory score on the
mathematics placement exam.
23.103 Ecological
Implications of Conservation (Gen. Ed. Goal 7)
An
introduction to the scientific principles on which conservation should
be based. Methods of conservation practice are stressed. The course
includes a discussion of the development and future of the conservation
movement. Occasional field trips.
No laboratory. This course is not open to
Biology majors.
23.112 Biology of Marine Organisms (Gen.
Ed. Goal 7)
An
introduction to life in the oceans, including basic principles of
ecology, a description of the important organisms, and the impact of
humans on marine life. Laboratory demonstrations and occasional field
trips. No laboratory. This
course is not open to Biology majors.
23.114 A Human
Perspective on Genetics (Gen. Ed. Goal 7)
An
exploration of the field of genetics from the rediscovery of Mendel’s
work in 1900 up to the present. Once the fundamentals of the discipline
are established, the emphasis is on genetics and its human
ramifications. Topics include the efforts to create a DNA blueprint for
humans, the prenatal diagnosis of some genetic disorders, the cloning of
genes whose products are used as pharmaceuticals, and the ability to
alter the genetic properties of important crop plants.
No laboratory. This course is not open to
Biology majors.
23.142 Introduction to Human Biology
(Gen. Ed. Goal 7, Lab)
An
exploration of the functional aspects of the human body at the
molecular, cellular, organ, and systems levels. Emphasis is on the
development and evolution of homeostatic mechanisms that allow the body
to respond and adapt to physical and emotional stresses under changing
environmental
conditions. Laboratory. This
course is not open to Biology or Food and Nutrition majors, except for
students in the Applied Nutrition concentration.
23.160 Introduction to Organismal Biology
An
introduction to the organismal, population, community, and ecosystem
levels of biological organization for students intending to major in
Biology. The course examines the processes of evolution, the diversity
of the biological world, and the interactions of organisms and their
environment. Laboratory periods concentrate on developing basic skills
of observation, measuring and interpreting data, and the reading and
reporting of experimental work. Offered
Fall
semester only. Note:
Students cannot receive credit for both 23.108
Biology II and 23.160 Introduction to Organismal Biology. Prerequisite:
43.095 General Mathematics or a satisfactory score on the mathematics
placement exam.
23.161 Introduction to Cell and Molecular
Biology
An
introduction to the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels of
biological organization. The course examines the processes of energy
release, photosynthesis, heredity, molecular control of cells, and
selected topics in physiology. Laboratory periods concentrate on
developing basic skills of observation, measuring and interpreting data,
and the reading and reporting of experimental work. Offered
Spring
semester only. Note:
Students cannot receive credit for both 23.107 Biology I and
23.161
Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology. Prerequisite: 43.095 General
Mathematics or
a
satisfactory score on the mathematics placement exam.
23.200 Introduction to Environmental
Science (Gen. Ed. Goal 7)
A
comprehensive survey of the environmental principles concerning the
interactions of humans and world resources. The role of technology in
meeting the problems of growth, pollution, energy, and agriculture is
examined in the context of present capabilities and the prospects for
future development. No
laboratory.
23.203 Plants and Society (Gen. Ed. Goal
7)
An
exploration of the dependency of humans on plants and plant products.
The beginning of agriculture and its consequences for human evolution
are discussed. The origins, dispersals, improvements, and uses of
economically valuable plants are considered along with their
relationships to the world’s economy. Occasional field trips.
No laboratory. This course is acceptable
for majors as a biology elective, but not in place of a required plant
course.
23.210 Introduction to Marine Mammals
An
exploration of the biology and natural history of marine mammals in the
North Atlantic, including whales, dolphins, and seals. Topics include
evolution, anatomy, behavior, field identification, and the history of
whaling and contemporary conservation issues. Demonstration laboratory
work focuses on smaller marine mammals. There is one Saturday field trip
on Massachusetts Bay. This
course is not open to Biology majors. Additional course fees apply.
Prerequisite: One college biology course. Application to campus
representative of the Marine Studies Consortium must be made one
semester prior to experience.
23.220 Animal Behavior
A study
of the influence of natural selection on the behavior of animals. This
course emphasizes the distinction between the immediate causes of
behavior, including external stimuli and internal physiological
mechanisms, and the ultimate consequences or survival value of behavior.
Topics such as learning and instinct, aggression, territoriality,
communication, and social behavior are discussed.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.160 Introduction to Organismal Biology
or
23.101
Biological Concepts or permission of the instructor.
23.232 Invertebrate
Zoology
A
comparative study of the invertebrate animal phyla with emphasis on
marine forms. The course stresses functional morphology, development,
behavior, and ecological and evolutionary relationships among the
various groups. Students study live specimens whenever possible.
Laboratory exercises include field trips to collect and study
invertebrates of the region. Prerequisite: 23.101 Biological Concepts
or
both 23.160
Introduction to Organismal Biology and 23.161
Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology
or
permission of the instructor.
23.234 Comparative
Vertebrate Physiology
An
introduction to the functions and relationships of vertebrate organs and
organ systems. The course emphasizes physiological adaptations and
mechanisms by which vertebrates compensate for environmental variations.
Laboratory. Note:
Students may receive credit for only one of the following courses:
23.234 Comparative Vertebrate Physiology, 23.272 Human Anatomy and
Physiology I, or 23.333 Principles of Human
Physiology.
Prerequisites: 33.107 Principles of Chemistry;
23.101
Biological Concepts
or
both 23.160 Introduction to Organismal Biology and 23.161 Introduction
to Cell and Molecular Biology or
permission of the instructor.
23.250 Horticulture
Designed as an introduction to basic horticultural principles and
practices. The course emphasizes the basic structure, growth, and
development of plants, and gives the student an opportunity to develop
skills in the care, propagation, and identification of horticultural
plants. No laboratory. This
course is acceptable for majors as a free elective, but not in place of
a required plant course.
23.251 Vascular Plant
Taxonomy
An
historical view of plant classification; concepts of nomenclature, goals
of phylogenetic and biosystematic investigations; anatomical and
morphological characteristics important in classification; key
characteristics of important temperate plant families; collection and
identification techniques; and introduction to the local flora.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.101 Biological Concepts
or
23.160
Introduction to Organismal Biology.
23.252 Biology of
Non-Vascular Plants
An
examination of structure, life histories, physiology, taxonomy,
evolution, and economics of the non-vascular plants. Special attention
is given to the algae and the fungi. Laboratories, in addition to
morphological studies, introduce the student to the methods of
collecting, culturing and identifying these organisms.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.101 Biological Concepts
or
23.160
Introduction to Organismal Biology and
23.161
Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology.
23.260 Cell Biology
A study
of the structure and function of cells and their major organelles.
Topics covered include the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi, lysosome,
endoplasmic reticulum, protein trafficking, signal transduction,
cellular energetics, and gene expression. Laboratory exercises are
mostly experimental. Prerequisites: 33.107 Principles of Chemistry;
23.161
Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology
or
23.101
Biological Concepts.
23.272 Human Anatomy
and Physiology I
A study
of the functional systems in the human body and the maintenance of
homeostasis.
Systems
covered in this course include: endocrine, cardiovascular, renal
(urinary), digestive and reproductive.
Laboratory.
Course
offered Fall
semester. Note:
Students may receive credit for only one of the following courses:
23.234 Comparative Vertebrate Physiology, 23.272 Human Anatomy and
Physiology I, or 23.333 Principles of Human Physiology. Prerequisites:
33.107 Principles of Chemistry;
23.101
Biological Concepts or
23.161 Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology.
23.273 Human Anatomy
and Physiology II
A
continuation of 23.272 Human Anatomy and Physiology I. This course
focuses on tissues in the body, joints, skeletal and muscular anatomy.
In addition, the nervous and respiratory systems are studied. This
course is designed for students interested in pursuing a career in
medical science. Laboratory.
Course
offered Spring
semester. Prerequisite: 23.272 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
or
permission of instructor.
23.301 Genetics
A study
of the principles governing heredity in all
living things, including microorganisms, plants,
and animals. Topics covered include Mendelian
inheritance, molecular genetics, cytogenetics,
human hereditary disease, and population genetics. Laboratory.
Prerequisites: 23.260 Cell Biology
or
permission
of the instructor.
23.305 Cetacean Biology
and Conservation
An
examination of the biology and conservation of cetaceans: whales,
dolphins, and porpoises. Topics include physiology, population biology
and life history analysis, molecular genetics, morphology,
distributional ecology, and social behavior. Early lectures focus on the
biology of cetaceans and how they are adapted to the marine environment.
Later lectures use case studies to review how biological principles can
be applied to the conservation of a wide range of cetacean species.
Additional course fees apply. Prerequisites: One year of general biology
and
two
upper level biology courses. Application to campus representative of the
Marine Studies Consortium must be made one semester prior to experience.
23.307 Principles of
Microbiology
An
introduction to the structure, reproduction, physiology and taxonomy of
microorganisms. Special attention is given to bacteria and viruses.
Emphasis is placed on aspects of microbiology of significance to
humankind, including pathogenesis, immunity, microbial ecology,
pollution control, food microbiology, and biotechnology. Laboratory
exercises introduce the student to standard techniques of cultivation
and identification of microorganisms, food microbiology, DNA
purification and analysis, immunological assays, as well as encourage
independent investigations. Prerequisites: 33.107 Principles of
Chemistry;
23.101
Biological Concepts or
23.161 Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology.
23.316 Wetlands:
Hydrology, Ecology, Restoration
A study
of wetlands and their role in the hydrology and ecology of global
landscapes. Course topics include the function of inland and coastal
marshes, swamps and bogs in water and nutrient cycles, and the role of
wetlands in the support of biodiversity, from microbes to vertebrates.
The biological links between wetlands and human activities, such as
agriculture, coastal development, and fisheries, and the legal framework
for the protection and restoration of endangered wetlands are also
examined. Additional course fees apply. Prerequisites: One year of
introductory science
(e.g.
biology, geology, chemistry, or engineering)
and
two
upper level (elective) science courses. Application to campus
representative of the Marine Studies Consortium must be made one
semester prior to experience.
23.325 Neurobiology
An
advanced examination of the development, structure and function of the
central and peripheral nervous systems. Topics covered include synaptic
communication, neurotransmission, sensory and motor processing, reflexes
and cellular processes of learning and memory. It is designed for
biology or psychology majors with an interest in neurophysiology.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.272 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
or
23.234
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
or
permission of the instructor
23.333 Principles of
Human Physiology
An
overview of the functional anatomy of the human body and its physiology.
Basic concepts concerning the skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory,
cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems
are studied. Laboratory. Note:
Students may receive credit for only one of the following courses:
23.234 Comparative Vertebrate Physiology, 23.272 Human Anatomy and
Physiology I, or 23.333 Principles of Human Physiology. Prerequisites:
33.107 Principles of Chemistry;
23.101
Biological Concepts or
23.161 Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology.
23.335 Principles of
Wildlife Biology
A study
of the distribution of major wildlife groups in the United States. The
principles of wildlife management and evaluation of land and water
habitats are stressed, as well as population growth dynamics and field
procedures.
Laboratory.
Prerequisites: 33.107 Principles of Chemistry;
23.101
Biological Concepts or
23.160 Introduction to Organismal Biology.
23.336 Ornithology
An
introduction to the biology of birds, including anatomy, physiology,
behavior, ecology, field identification, and conservation. Students
become familiar with the techniques and tools necessary to identify bird
species by sight and/or sound, as well as with basic research
techniques. Laboratory includes field trips. Prerequisite: A biology or
zoology course at the 100-level
or
permission of the instructor.
23.338 Ichthyology
A study
of freshwater and marine fishes with particular emphasis on those
species occurring in the northeastern states.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.160 Introduction to Organismal Biology
and
23.161
Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology or 23.101 Biological Concepts
or
permission of the instructor.
23.340 Immunology
A study
of the principles of immunology. The
immune response, antibody formation in cells and
the whole animal, immuno-suppression, blood
group antigens, and the kinetics of antigen-anti
body reactions are described. The structure of the
antibody and its active site are examined at the
molecular level. The role of complement, hyper
sensitivity (allergy), autoallergic reactions and
transplantation immunity are discussed.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.307 Principles of Microbiology
or
permission of instructor.
23.341 Marine Biology
An
introduction to the variety of marine environments and the biological
and physical factors which contribute to the productivity of these
areas. Oceanic habitats are compared to other ecosystems including
tropical and temperate estuaries, coral reefs and salt marshes. Problems
of human interaction with the marine environment are emphasized.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.101 Biological Concepts
or
23.160
Introduction to Organismal Biology
and
23.161
Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology.
23.348 Ecology
An
advanced course that synthesizes knowledge gained in other courses and
applies it to ecological problems. Emphasis is placed on the
interactions between the organism and its biological and physical
environments. Concepts covered include soil, climate, trophic systems,
life history trade offs, behavioral ecology, biodiversity, and human
impact. Laboratory includes field trips. Students may not receive
credit for both 23.348 Ecology and 23.408 Ecology. Prerequisites: 33.107
Principles of Chemistry and
two (2)
biology courses (200 level or above)
or
permission of the instructor.
23.371 Medical
Microbiology
An
overview of human infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and
fungi. Emphasis will be placed on current diagnostic techniques and
microbial pathogenic mechanisms, and on contemporary issues that include
newly emerging infectious diseases, vaccines, and bio-terrorism.
Laboratory
exercises focus on state-of-the-art procedures for the isolation and
identification of pathogenic microbes and for the determination of their
susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs. Prerequisite: 23.307
Principles of Microbiology.
23.381 Theories of
Infectious Disease
An
introduction to human infectious disease with emphasis on microbial
pathogenic mechanisms and contemporary diagnostic techniques. Learning
goals are centered on a series of case studies involving the most common
infectious diseases affecting mankind.
No Laboratory. This course cannot be used
as a required Biology elective for the completion of a major in Biology.
Prerequisite: 23.307 Principles of Microbiology, an equivalent
introductory course in microbiology,
or
permission of the instructor.
Note:
Students cannot receive credit for both 23.371 Medical Microbiology and
23.381 Theories of Infectious Disease.
23.402 Processes of
Organic Evolution
A study
of the historical development of evolutionary thought in the pre- and
post-Darwinian periods; the interplay among mutations, recombination,
gene flow, natural selection, and genetic drift in determining the
direction of evolutionary change; isolating mechanisms and the origins
of species; the role of polyploidy in plant evolution; the significance
of hybridization in evolution and speciation; evidences of evolution
from various disciplines. No
laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.301 Genetics.
23.406 Methods in
Biological Research I
Designed to develop a working appreciation of methods of scientific
inquiry through development of an original research proposal. Topics
included are: problem definition, literature survey, resource
bibliography, and research design, including proposed data analysis.
Normally taken in the spring term of the junior year, this course is
open only to Biology majors. Prerequisite: 43.208 Biostatistics, 33.107
Principles of Chemistry, and
33.108
Principles of Chemistry and Quantitative Analysis
or
equivalent, and at least four biology courses at the 200 level or above.
23.407 Methods in
Biological Research II
A
continuation of Methods I (23.406) in which the students implement their
research design under the supervision of a department faculty member.
The research may be conducted off-campus with approval of course
coordinator. Open only to Biology majors. Prerequisite: Completion of
23.406 Methods in Biological Research I with a minimum grade of C (1.70)
or better.
23.409 Developmental
Biology
A study
of developing organisms. Growth, regulation, differentiation and
morphogenesis are considered. Emphasis is placed on molecular
mechanisms. Laboratory
exercises include both descriptive and experimental embryology.
Prerequisite: 23.301 Genetics and 33.207 Organic Chemistry I
23.411 Food
Microbiology
A focus
on those microorganisms involved in food production, food spoilage, and
the transmission of diseases through foods. The effect of various
methods of food preservation is evaluated in terms of public health,
food spoilage, food quality, and nutritional value of foods.
Laboratory.
Prerequisite: 23.307 Principles of Microbiology.
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